What is EMP?
EMP is the abbreviation for Electromagnetic Pulse which is a high-intensity burst of electromagnetic energy. EMPs occur after any kind of explosions of conventional high explosives. Therefore EMPs became a feared after-effect of nuclear detentions.
In the 1950s a first rise in awareness towards this consequence of explosions could be recorded. After several atmospheric nuclear tests in the US, EMP became known as the cause for malfunction of electronic equipment. After these tests scientists warned that EMP could also be a potential weapon. Therefore around 1962 the first simulators were developed which produced representative pulses for response studies.
Various scenarios exist which could cause an EMP that is strong enough to bring countries and even whole continents to a halt. The most probable situation would either be a high-altitude nuclear explosion or an underground nuclear explosion. The duration of the EMP and the area covered vary strongly. The higher in the atmosphere the bomb detonates the larger the expanse of the pulse.
How an EMP works:
After the detonation of the nuclear explosive device gamma rays emit from the deposition region. Due to the gamma rays a separation of charges occur which means that the area nearer to the deposition region is charged solely positive, whereas the area farther from the explosion is charged negatively. The outcome of this separation is an electric field.
The strength of this electric field falls off as soon as it appears which is the reason why this pulse carries a considerable amount of energy. This energy is picked up by metallic and other conductors which suffer severe damages from the pulse. Concluding it can be said that an EMP destroys everything with a microchip in it.
Due to the rising usage of electronic devices our vulnerability increases. Only one nuclear bomb could decimate a continent's electrical and technological infrastructure back to the 19th century.
Wednesday, April 16, 2014
Saturday, April 12, 2014
Migrant Mother- Group Description
Monday, April 7, 2014
Narrative: The history of photography
1st Version:
Dear Diary,
Today my mother and I decided to clean up the attic. While rummaging
through the dusty old boxes I found a photograph of my great-great-grandfather.
The photo was in its own case which surprised me. My mother told me that back
then taking photographs were something only well-off people could afford. I
then asked her to tell me more about photography at that time.
She started telling me about a photographer called Dagueree. Daguerree
accomplished a technique which uses ionised silver plates to take photos. Since
they weren’t sensitive to light they had a long exposure time and couldn’t be
copied. Due to the exposure time the photographer Hill took his photographs on
a cemetery. Both the cemetery as background as well as the unpopulated area
benefitted the process of photo taking.
In the first half of the 18th century, photography was seen
as blasphemous because humans were said to be made from God’s image and God’s
image can’t be captured by a machine. This seems like superstition but many
people, were afraid to look at the first photos because it seemed as if the
person in the picture was staring at them. Therefore the sentence “Don’t look
at the camera” became popular.
In the 1840s photography took over the portrait scene. Over the years
people liked photography more and more up to the point where studio photography
became popular, in 1860. For studio photography props were used for the people
to lean on, however the good taste suffered a lot.
Although the technology improved gradually through techniques such as
mezzotint, the society wanted the halo back. The halo originates from the
Daguerreotype and symbolised prestige and wealth. While halo was on vogue for
portraits a new style was developed through the improved techniques. This style
is called Surreal photography. Textures and tissues could be seen more clearly
which enabled photographers to concentrate on certain parts of objects.
During the time of industrialisation however, photography became
functional and didn’t show reality but how life should look like. Unemployment and underpayment weren’t shown;
instead photos of promising companies were taken.
My mother then said we should stop talking and go back to work. Although
I did what she said, I’ll make sure to talk with her about it more since I’m
really interested in photography.
Yours,
Miranda
[390Words]
Feedback:
My classmates told me that my narrative contains mainly of facts which
isn’t what a narrative is supposed to be. They tried to help me by telling that
I should try to write the text in a more personal way. Therefore I tried to
establish a personal connection to the story. They also pointed out some typos
which I didn’t find myself while reading through the text. In the re-written version I only included the
information that suited the setting of my narrative. I included more feelings
and thoughts so that the narrative focuses more on the main character.
2nd Version:
Dear Diary,
Today my mother and I decided to clean up the attic. While rummaging
through the dusty old boxes I found a photograph of my great-great-grandfather.
The photo was in its own case which surprised me. My mother told me that back then;
taking photographs was something only well-off people could afford. I then
asked her to tell me more about photography at that time.
She started telling me about a photographer called Dagueree. Daguerree
accomplished a technique which uses ionised silver plates to take photos. Since
they weren’t sensitive to light they had a long exposure time and couldn’t be
copied. It must have been really cool to have this “one of a kind” portrait of
yourself which nobody could ever copy but I wouldn’t have liked to stay still
for such a long time. The longest I ever had to wait for a photo was when I
used the old Polaroid camera my mom once had.
Mom also mentioned a very well-known photographer. His name was Hill and
he took his photographs on a cemetery because there weren’t many people passing
by. He reminds me of my friends Annette, she has always been weird and lately
she started posting photos of cemeteries on Tumblr.
While I am on the topic of weird photographs; the picture I found looked
really creepy as if the person in it was staring at me. When my mom saw me
looking at the photo she assured me that many people back then were afraid of photos
because they believed that the photographed person could see them. That’s why
they sentence “Don’t look at the camera” became popular.
When I asked how the photography’s development progressed we came to
talk about studio photography. After an explanation of what studio photography
was, namely shooting photos in a studio with many props, I was reminded of my
pictures when I was still a child. In these photos a lot of props were used
too, like cushions or colourful backgrounds. My mom only said, “That was when
the good taste suffered a lot”. After that time photography became really
functional and played a big role during the industrialisation.
My mother then said we should stop talking and go back to work. Although
I did what she said, I’ll make sure to talk with her about it more since I’m
really interested in photography.
Yours,
Miranda
[400 Words]
Friday, April 4, 2014
CAJ: Doomsday Preppers 2
"Doomsday Preppers" are part of the category "Survivalism" and will go to whatever lengths they can to make sure they are prepared for the end of civilization as we know it. They develop extreme Aramgeddon defense systems such as survival machines, high-tech shelters and specialised escape routes.
The term "Doomsday Prepper" is a relative young expression to categorise this rather new form of survivalism. The expression "Doomsday Preppers" was especially defined for the eponymous US- TV Show. The Show "Doomsday Preppers" is a reality television series that airs on National Geographic Channel and so far consists of three seasons. In each episode three to four Doomsday Preppers are interviewed about their survival plans and in which kind of Armageddon they believe. To give an insight on situations feared by preppers I will list a few of the most common believed scenarios.
The following blog posts will mostly, if not solely, focus on EMPs. What an EMP is, how big the possibility of an EMP related doomsday is and how EMP works.
Sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doomsday_Preppers
http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/channel/doomsday-preppers/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survivalism
http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Survivalism
The term "Doomsday Prepper" is a relative young expression to categorise this rather new form of survivalism. The expression "Doomsday Preppers" was especially defined for the eponymous US- TV Show. The Show "Doomsday Preppers" is a reality television series that airs on National Geographic Channel and so far consists of three seasons. In each episode three to four Doomsday Preppers are interviewed about their survival plans and in which kind of Armageddon they believe. To give an insight on situations feared by preppers I will list a few of the most common believed scenarios.
- economic collapse
- societal collapse
- terrorist acts
- nuclear incidents
- fuel shortages
- war
- pandemics
- Electro Magentic Pulse (EMP)
The following blog posts will mostly, if not solely, focus on EMPs. What an EMP is, how big the possibility of an EMP related doomsday is and how EMP works.
Sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doomsday_Preppers
http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/channel/doomsday-preppers/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survivalism
http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Survivalism
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